Places to visit
Annapurna Base Camp
This picturesque valley at the foot of Mt. Annapurna (3,700 meters) can be reached in six days from Pokhara. But the trek is worth it for the sheer geographical and natural diversity of the area. It’s all about highland ecosystem, snow and ice. It is from this very point many aspiring mountaineers start their expedition to Mt. Annapurna. The trail to the foot of Mt. Annapurna starts from the village of Landruk, a day’s walk away from Dhampas.
Bandipur
Bandipur, a picturesque hill top town is located almost halfway through the highway linking Kathmandu to Pokhara. A steady uphill drive from the highway town of Dumre takes you to this small and lazy Newari town, which once used to be the resting stop for the Newars trading in Tibet.
This town remains preserved ever since it was built and allows the tourists to enjoy its beautiful architecture and great Mountain View. Bandipur is known for its majestic view of the Himalayan ranges covering the entire Annapurna range including Dhaulagiri, Manaslu and Langtang. The view starts from the snow capped mountains spreading to the great Marshyandi River valley below.
History
Newars, the native inhabitants of Kathmandu valley also known for their business acumen found Bandipur a good resting spot between the northern hills and southern hills of the country while they traded in and out of Tibet. In the early days, the town enjoyed the hustle and bustle of these affluent Newar traders. After the downfall of the Rana era and Prithvi Highway was built, the town sidestepped as a busy trading stop. Now, it is a quiet and lazy town for travelers seeking for a relaxing vista point.
Architecture
The town is built in a blend of neo-classical and Newari architecture. Built in the 19th century, the town’s art is influenced by neo-classical style brought in by the Ranas from Europe and Newari architecture. The buildings are spacious with big windows and beautiful woodwork.
Climate
Bandipur is a place for all seasons. Wintertime starts from November to February and goes as far low as zero centigrade. Winters are cold in the morning and evening, with sun shining all day. August to October and March & April are the autumn and spring respectively. There are moderate and perfect weather times. The summer is hot but dry and monsoon is not as harsh on the hills as the valleys and lowlands.
Community
Bandipur town/bazaar is predominantly a Newari town. Before the Newars established this place, Magars are the inhabitants of the region. The sorrounding hills have Magar and Gurung settlements. These are ethnic people from the hills known for their strength and bravery in fighting.
Sightseeing Areas
Ramkot: Ramkot is a Magar village which is about 2 hours of pleasant walk from Bandipur through the edges of the hills past forest and trails overlooking valleys and hills. The village has mud houses most of them round in structure which is traditional of the area and the ethnic group. Untouched, the walk and village allows travelers to explore the country side of Nepal.
Siddha Cave: Discovered in 1987, Siddha Cave is said to be the larges cave in the country and also in the South Asian Continet. Almost an hour and a half walk down hill through the forests from the Bandipur town will take you to the cave. Once equipped with lights and a stick, it is quite an adventure to explore this huge cave.
Bhaktapur
Situated at an altitude of 1,401 m, Bhaktapur (or Bhadgaon as popularly know as) covers an area of four square miles. Bhaktapur or “the City of Devotees” still retains the medieval charm and visitors to this ancient town are treated myriad wonders of cultural and artistic achievements.
Bhaktapur Durbar Square – of the valley’s three Durbar Squares, the one in Bhaktapur is the best preserved. Still emanating the medieval aura, this splendid palatial complex has its gems in such artistic master pieces as the 55 – windows palace, the golden gate, golden spout, the taleju temple complex and nyatapolo, the five storied temple in the nearby Taunadi Square. The 15th century Dattareya temple and the world famous peacock windows at Tachpal, the terra – cotta window at Tahamala and Nepal’s largest Shiva Lingum at Hanumanghat are also there to keep visitors spell bound.
Boudhanath Stupa
Boudhanath Stupa – which is also known as Khasti, is one of the world’s largest stupas. The unique aspect of this great Buddhist monument is that it is set in the octagonal mandala design. Also set into the niches around this huge structure are the hundreds of prayer wheels and 108 images of Buddha adorning the stupa. Another notable aspect of the area is the presence of about four dozen monasteries around it. Boudhanath lies some 6 km to the east of the city center.
Changu Narayan Temple
Changu Narayan Temple – seated atop a serene hilltop some 6 km north of Bhaktapur, the Changu narayan temple that is dedicated to Lord Vishnu the Preserver, boasts of being the oldest Pagoda in Nepal. Moreover, it in its brick – paved premises houses a stone inscription dated 424 AD is believed to be the oldest of all such written records. While the two – storied temple’s main entrance is an excellent example of espouse art. The many art – works scattered in and around the enclave embody ancient craftsmen’s flawless proficiency in wood, stone and metal.
Daman
At 2,400 meters, Daman is truly one of the finest get ways situated just outside the Kathmandu Valley. The hill resort area lies 80 kilometres southwest of the capital on the Tribhuvan highway, the long, winding and meandering road which was the first highway that connected Kathmandu to the Indian Border and the outside world. Nestled amid the lush green vegetation, Daman is also a paradise for the lovers of nature and adventures who like hiking and mountain biking.
As the sun sets in the western horizons, you can see the Himalayan panorama turning red and purple as if God were painting on his worldly canvas. At dusk, you can also see the towns of Hetauda and Birjung to the south twinkling with lights. It’s a point from where you can have the breathtaking grandeur extending from the Annapurna in the west to Mt. Everest to the east. The area boasts some reasonable as well as luxurious accommodation facilities for those willing to stay overnight.
Dhulikhel
Dhulikhel is a typical Newari town with nearby Tamang villages. It is situated 30 km. east of Kathmandu on the side of Arniko Highway on the way towards Tibet. Dhulikhel is popular for its natural beauty and ancient traditions. The Himalayan ranges from the twin crest of Mt. Langtang in the west to the Mt. Everest in the east can be clearly viewed in a clear day. Dhulikhel is ideal for snow-capped peaks, sunrise, sunset and it is different from any other place. One can say Dhulikhel is where the peaks speak.
Ghandruk
Perched at an elevation of 1,951 meters, the Gurung Village north of Pokhara offers excellent opportunities to experience the unique culture and breathtaking views of Annapurna, Machhapucchre and Dhaulagiri. You need a day to reach Ghandruk fromPokhara. Ghandruk is also a living cultural monument showcasing the unique culture of the Gurungs, the martial caste from whom the famed Gurkha warriors spring.
After breakfast, drive from Pokhara to trek – starting point at Nayapul, which takes about one hour. Thereafter, we can start an easy walk around 2 hours, then another 3 hours to reach to Ghandruk. It is one of the famous trekking destinations in west Nepal.
Godawari Botanical Garden
Godavari Botanical garden is located on the foot of Pulchowki hill. It consists of mainly open parkland type habitats and several fast flowing streams. Some of the special birds found here were Spotted and Black-backed Forktails, Rufous-gorgetted, Slaty-backed and Rusty-tailed Flycatchers, Hodgson’s Redstart, White’s Thrush, Chestnut-headed and Grey-bellied Tesia, Grey Bushchat and Asian Barred Owlet amongst others. It also homes the pink, white and red rhododendrons and a variety of colorful orchids.
Gorkha
Gorkha is a scenic hill- town with great historical significance Situated on a small hillock at an attitude of about 1000 m, Gorkha offers panoramic view of snow-fed mountain.
Gundu Village
First of all Kathmandu valley could be a wonder in the world as from almost every spot on a very clear day one could see the crystal Mountain on the north and the valley is surrounded by green hills on all side. Rich with its living monuments and still enough open paddy fields.
Kathmandu valley formerly had 4 different kingdoms and the major living resource used to be agro products and at the same time the valley was cut off with the part of the world. Kathmandu was self-sufficient on agro products.
One can see the population of Kathmandu has increased by many hundreds time for the past, until last 20 years farms of Kathmandu was still enough to produce the vegetable needed here and the famous farmers are known as Jyapu.
Gundu is east of Kathmandu and is located behind famous Ganesh Temple which is in the front of Bhaktapur city where you will find the last stop of the only trolley bus operated between Kathmandu and Bhaktapur in the past.
The village Gundu is on the last end of the Kathmandu valley which is east of Kathmandu and is till un touched by modern Kathmandu.
The village have few scattered houses of different ethnic group most of the people on the northern part are of Tamang community who traditionally practices Buddhist religion and the other houses of Cheetris and Brahmins. They yet live in harmony the life here us still very peaceful, on hill three side of the village you will see small hills with forest and the west is open an on clear day you can see Bhaktapur and the back snowy Mountain peaks. The village have several ethnic houses yet and the local people still mostly live from the farming, one of the cash farm is raising cattle specially cows and buffalos for milk. You can see early in the morning farmers comes from the hills brining milk to one of the small deposit center where milk is tested and than sent to the city for the sale. It is interesting to see this culture yet today not far from the modern Kathmandu city where you can find department shop where every product in the world is found.
The village has its own water source and it is very green and you can see the farm land where different crops are grown we have both the terraced fields and gentle flat farms where water could be retain to grow rice in the monsoon period. Here major crop maize, rice and potatoes and also vegetable is grown. It is unlike many other village is Nepal is still very quite have a wonderful rural life and at the same time not far from the modern city Kathmandu.
Itinerary:
1st Day: Drive from Kathmandu to Suryavinayak (40 minutes). Then visit Hindu temple Suryavinayak. Surya Vinayak Situated in a beautiful surrounding of Bhadgaon, the temple of Ganesh is placed in a sylvan setting to catch the first rays of the rising sun. It is a good picnic spot flanked by many attractive landscapes, which is eight hundred years old, very famous for it’s very intriciat woodcarving. You also find here status of Sun God Surya, Moon God Ghandra etc. We start our walking from here passing many beatuful villages, landscapes etc. It takes about 3 hours to reach beautiful Gundu Village. Overnight stay at Local House.
2nd Day: After Morning Tea, you start to Walk up to Lukuwa danda(1850m) for a birds eye view of the whole Gundu Village/Bhaktapur area. From here you have a nice view of Himalayas Annapurna to Mt.Everest. .Also the thick greenary forest of Mahabharat range which stands in front of you. Then after you returned to the House through the bushy trail, it take five to six hours. Lunch will be at one of the houses on the way.
3rd Day: This day you will visit a typical Tamang Village Dada gaun where the Buddhist folks have been living. The place is very secluded from the modern world. Here the people as well as animal live together. Then walk to Pada Gaun (2100m.) from where you have an extremely goad view of long range of Himalayas .On the other side you also have a beautiful views of green forest of Mahabharat. Almost, which stands very close to you. Afterwords walk to Karthali, a hamlet of nature and then along the (Hanumante) river banks back to the House. It takes about five hours.
4th Day: After Morning Tea Walk to Lubhu, a small rest to grasp a beautiful natural setting nearby. Holy shrine of lord Shiva and traditional maize-mill are to visit here. Ascent to the typical Jyapu village Lubhu, which makes you test the real life style of Nepalese people in the Village. (3 hours walk) . After walking about 30 minutes, we reach at road head point and drive back to Kathmandu for overnight.
Janakpur
Named after the legendary King Janak, Janakpur was the capital of the ancient Indian Kingdom Mithila, the native country of goddess Sita, the wife of the Hindu god Rama and the heroine of the great Hindu epic Ramayana. Today Janakpur stands as the most cleanest and interesting place among all the towns of Terai.
Lo Manthang
The whitewashed wall around Lo Manthang is shaped like a misshapen L with a short vertical arm oriented north-south and a very fat, almost square horizontal arm. The closely-packed houses of the bottom portion, the palace and temples are in the bottom portion ; the vertical part of the L houses the monastic community and two gompas and this portion of the city wall is painted red. The school, health post, police post and several important chortens are located outside the walls to the north of the gate and east of the monastic part of the city. The city contains about 150 houses plus numerous residences for lamas. The only agricultural land inside the walls is a field owned by the monastery situated near the centre of the city.
surrounding the city ‘ as a result numerous stables, houses and stone-walled fields now adjoin the wall. Nothing will
The wall of Lo Manthang was once more imposing than it is now. In the mid-1980’s the raja sold much of the land grow in this arid land without irrigation. A small canal flows around the city providing sustenance for a few willow trees and another canal flows under the wall and through the city itself. The surrounding irrigated fields provide one crop a year of wheat, barley, peas or mustard.
PALACE: The raja’s palace is an imposing 4-story building in the centre of the city. It is the home of the present raja, Jigme Parbal Bista, and the queen or rani, who is from an aristocratic family of Lhasa. The raja is an active horsemen and keeps a stable of the best horses in Lo. He also breeds Lhasa Apso dogs and several monstrous Tibetan Mastiffs that can be heard barking angrily on the second story of the palace. Though his duties are largely ceremonial, he is respected by the people and consulted about many issues by villagers throughout Lo.
The raja’s family name was originally Tandul. It was changed in accordance with a recent tradition in which many people of Tibetan descent Nepalised their surnames. The practice is similar to the custom of the “ Matwali Chhetris” of Dolpo in which Khampas adopted Hindu surnames. It is also similar to the practice of many Managis who call themselves Gurungs. Almost all have a second Nepali name that was assigned when they enrolled in school.
There are four major temples within the city walls. Each of these buildings is locked. The villagers feel it necessary to control access to the temples; the caretaker keep the key and are available upon request.
CHAMPA LAKHANG: The tall Champa Lakhang (“ La khang” translates as “ god house”) is said to date from the 1420’s and is on the second storey. Inside the temple is a huge painted clay statue of Maitreya, the future Buddha, sitting on a pedestal that occupies the entire ground floor. The walls are painted with elaborate mandalas almost two metres in diameter that are in marginally better condition than the paintings in Thugchen Gompa.
THUGCHEN GOMPA: The red Thugchen Gompa near the city centre, has a massive assembly hall supported by huge wooden columns dating from 1420s . Tucci observed that the same artists had painted frescoes in both temples. There are statues of the deities Sakyamuni surrounded by Avaloketasvara, Vaisravana (the god of wealth) and Padmasamabhava. On the walls are intricate frescoes in various stages of deterioration. The entrance hall contains huge scowling statues of four Lokapala, the protectors of the cardinal points of the compass.
CHYODI GOMPA: The main temple is the Chyodi gompa which contains dozens of beautifully crafted small bronze, brass and copper statues, many said to have been cast in Lo Manthang itself. Nearby is the older assembly hall. Despite the apparent squalor of Lo Manthang, the city is prosperous and maintains a strong sense of community. Though the people call themselves Lobas, they are very much Tigbetan and practice a sophisticated culture and economy. Before trade with Tibet was disrupted, all of the salt and wool trade on the Kali Gandaki passed through Lo Manthang, bringing prosperity to the people. Wealth is primarily measured in land, horses and social standing.
The door of most houses opens onto a two storey high open central courtyard. The ground floor is for storage of food, horse trappings. A wooden staircase leads to the first story which has a balcony overlooking the courtyard and doors leading off to living rooms and the kitchen. A notched log leads to the roof which is surrounded by huge stacks of juniper twigs and firewood and also used for relaxing or working in the sun.
Virtually every house has an indoor toilet on the upper floor that drops into a ground floor chamber. Ashes from the hearth are dumped into the toilet to eliminate smell; the resulting product is a nutritive fertiliser. Stoves are a three-armed affair with a 30 centimetre high burning chamber that gets roaring like a volcano when fed with yak dung and goat droppings. People rarely burn the wood on the roof for cooking; it is there largely as a show of wealth and for ceremonial occasions.
TINGKHAR: There are two valleys above Lo Manthang. In the western valley are Tingkhar, the site of the raja’s summer palace, Kimling and Phuwa as well as the gompa of Namgyal
NAMGYAL GOMPA: The imposing Namgyal Gompa, (“ the monastery of victory”) situated in a spectacular setting atop a desolate ridge, is the newest and most active gompa in Lo. It is an hour ride away and is the largest Gompa in Nepal with numerous monks, large coutryard, big prayers hall. It seems as if it is an enclosed city by itself.
CHOSAR: The western valley contains Chosar, the site of the high school, and Garphu and Nyphu Gompas. This is the main trading route to Lhasa, a route that Tucci describes as “ …used over the centuries by pilgrims and apostles, robbers and invaders.” The ruins of numerous forts along the trail lend credence to this observation.
TSARANG: A famous village used for centuries as the resting point for travellers and horses, beautiful hills ,green pastures and numerous brooks cris crosses this village. Tsarang is a maze of fields, willow trees and houses separated by stone walls at the top of the large Tsarang Chu canyon. The huge 5-story white Dzong and red gompa are perched on the edge of the Kali Gandaki gorge on the east end of the village. The gompa houses a collections of statues and thankas as well as many large paintings of seated Buddhas.
Important Information
(A) Temperature
Lo Manthang (3,780 m / 12,400 ft)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Min C -9 -3 1 3 7 8 9 7 5 0 -3 -7
(B) Necessary accessories
1. Sun screen lotion with ultra violet protection.
2. Appropriate warm clothing as per the travel period (temperature).
3. Sunglasses.
4. Gloves.
5. Good walking shoes for rocky and uneven paths.
6. Sun hat.
7. Thermal under garments.
HIGH ALTITUDE SICKNESS
One of the factors that should be taken into consideration while planning a trip in High Altitude Area, is Acute Mountain Sickness. The acclimatization is necessary and preventative and cautionary measures and facilities for rescue must be given maximum priority. Since the body is unable to store oxygen, as it does food energy, changes begin to occur rapidly when one is deprived of oxygen. If a person travels to a high altitude without gradually allowing the body to adjust, symptoms of AMS-Acute Mountain Sickness will develop. There are two more severe forms of High Altitude Sickness – HAPE-High Altitude Pulmonary Edema and HACE-High Altitude Cerebral Edema.
Recognizing the Symptoms
Above 9,500 feet or 3,000 meters, Acute Mountain Sickness or Altitude Sickness take effect if one ascends too rapidly. Ones individual response to AMS can be safely experienced in an altitude chamber. One of the first symptoms of Altitude sickness is impaired judgement. The part of the body that is the first to be affected is the retina of the eye causing blurred vision. As soon as any of these symptoms appear, proper precautionary measures must be taken. At high altitudes there is a time period known as the Time of Useful Consciousness, which amounts to a matter of minutes. This is the period when any life-saving decisions must be carried out. Recovery occurs rapidly after one has been given oxygen. Even so, ones mental and physical performance can be greatly reduced for a few hours, so rest must be taken. Climbing down to a lower altitude also helps.
Some of the Symptoms of AMS are :
1. Nausea and Vomiting 2. Loss of Appetite 3. Insomnia/Sleeplessness 4. Persistent Headaches 5. Dizziness
6. Lightheadedness 7. Confusion 8. Disorientation 9. Drunken gait 10. Weakness 11. Fatigue 12. Lassitude
13. Heavy legs 14. Slight Swelling of Hands and Face 15. Breathlessness and Breathing irregularity 16. Reduced Urine Output.
AMS is preventable if the proper precautions are taken. Rest and increase of water intake also help. If the symptoms do not improve, one has to descend.
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema
In HAPE, fluid accumulates the lungs. The symptoms are:
1. Increasing shortness of breath. 2. Cough-Dry or productive with blood in sputum 3. Wheezing sound from the back or chest 4. Unusual fatigue while walking 5. High pulse rate-more than 90 or 100 6. Blueness of face, lips and fingernails 7. Drowsiness 8. Reduced urine output 9. Chest pain.
The treatment for HAPE is to descend and arrange for rescue at a lower altitude.
High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)
HACE causes fluid to accumulate in the brain. The symptoms are:
1. Severe headache 2. Vomiting 3. Persistent Ataxia makes person act like a drunken man 4. Mental confusion and altered mental status 5. Double vision 6. Irritability 7. Hallucination 8. Change in behavior 9. Unconsciousness.
HIGH ALTITUDE SICKNESS
The symptoms of HACE and common diarrhea are similar and may be confused. To distinguish the two, make the person walk a straight line or ask simple questions like their name, simple sums etc. Descent is imperative and the patient has to be carried down. For helicopter rescue a destination 4-500 m below should be given.
Trekkers, especially in groups, are unwilling to admit that they are suffering from symptoms of AMS, even though they are aware of the symptoms. One reason is that they are unwilling to be left behind while the rest of the group proceeds to their destination. Companions should act before the symptoms become more severe.
Signs of improvement:
1. Urine output increase 2. Good appetite 3. Shortness of breath while climbing (not at rest).
Mantra for gradual acclimatization:
1. Walk up slowly 2. Do not make rapid ascent 3. Drink more fluid i.e. 3 to 4 litters a day 4. Do not carry packs heavier than 10 Kg.
5. Do not ascend more than 300 meters at a time after reaching an altitude of 3,000m. If you fly in to a height of 3,000 m., take two days rest to acclimatize.
6. Do not drink, smoke or take sleeping pills.
7. If, in spite the following precautions, symptoms of AMS appear, take rest at the same altitude and take plenty of fluid. If conditions worsen descend to a lower altitude. Never leave a companion with altitude sickness behind. Impaired judgement will prevent him form making coherent decisions.
Some Essentials to take along:
1. Medicines like Acetazolamid, Dexamethazone and Nifedine should be carried.
Acerazolamide (Diamox)-This is used for prevention or treatment of mild AMS. Potential side effects are tingling of fingers and toes and heavy breathing (which is habitual to good acclimatizers) Dose: 250 mg. Twice a day.
Dexamenthazone (Decadron) – This is not used to cure but to relieve the symptoms of AMS and HACE. It is for temporary relief to aid in descent or to buy time before rescue or descent. Dose: 4 mg every 6 hrs.
Hifedine-This drug is used to reduce pulmonary pressure in the lungs. It rapidly improves HAPE and is therapeutic in nature. Side effects include dizziness and weakness. Dose: 10 to 20 mg. every 8 hrs. as needed.
2. Portable Oxygen Cylinder.
3. Portable Altitude Chamber – Gamow Bag was invented by Echo Gamow. It is an inflatable bag, which mimics barometric pressure at altitudes of 1500-3000 m. Air is pumped into the cylindrical bag where the patient suffering from HAPE or HACE is put. This is a temporary symptomatic relief and not therapeutic. After the patient improves, he has to descend to a lower altitude. Relief is only for a few hours and for severe cases repetitive or prolonged use is necessary.
4. Accompanying Doctor must have a thorough working knowledge about AMS.
5. Arrangements should be made for a possible rescue operation by helicopter. For rescue and insurance purposes the following details have to be recorded accurately-Name, Nationality, Nature of Condition, Insurance Policy Number, Contact Persons, whether doctor/oxygen is required on the flight.
Precaution is the best preventative measure. Awareness and thorough knowledge about AMS and its treatment is essential to enjoy the mountaineering in high Himalayas.
Tiji Festival (Chasing of the Demons.)
This festival is one of the most important festivals in LoManthang. The Tiji festival is carried out every year, with the assistance of High Priests. With prayers and incantations and magic they drive out the demons that lurk in corners and may even enter the bodies of animals. This three-day festival is usually held on Tibetan New Year, which generally falls in April- May. The whole city gathers in a small square, overlooked by a four-story, great white Palace building. The people are bedecked in their best finery with ornaments of silver and precious stones, mainly bright orange coral stones alternated with turquoises. The ceremony is observed to the wail of trumpets, the clashing of cymbals and the rather unusual sound of human bone whistles accompanied by the booming noise of large cylindrical drums.
The ceremony is carried out with great dramatic flair accompanied by the high din of local musical orchestrated for the purpose. Symbolic demons, in elaborate costumes and masks appear to create fear and havoc among the people. The monks, wearing elaborate headgear comprising of images of Mara; dragons and human skulls then chase them out of the town. After the monk’s secret rites and ceremonies are observed, soldiers carrying muskets with large bayonets fire their guns, facing east away from the walls of the city. The demons disappear physically and symbolically in a cloud of dust, while the crowd cheers.
This ceremony stretching to three days of elaborate rites and revelry is indeed a sight to behold. This grandiose extravaganza adds to the sense of mystery that is LoManthang.
Kanchenjunga Conservation Area
Just below the looming Mountain Kanchanjunga (8586 m), lies the Kanchanjunga Conservation Area. Spread in an area of 2035 sq. km, the area is made up of alpine grass lands, rocky outcrops, dense temperate and sub-tropical forests, and low river valleys with the Kanchanjunga as its crown.
Situated in north eastern Nepal in Taplejung District, the conservation area is bordered by the Tibet Autonomous Region-China in the north, Sikkim-India in the east and Sankhuwasabha District in the west.
In 1998, the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and WWF Program together launched the Kanchanjunga Conservation Area Project to implement biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.
Kathmandu Durbar Square
Katmandu Durbar Square – the seat of royalty till the last century, Katmandu Durbar Square is a wondrous cluster of ancient temples, palaces, courtyards and streets. The most noteworthy among them are the Hanumandhoka palace complex, Kumari Dyochhen and the Taleju temple. Even to date, all major state and religious ceremonies, including the solemnization of coronations, are carried out in one or the other courtyards within this complex.
Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve
Koshi Tappu Wildlife reserve lies on the alluvial flood plain of Sapta Koshi River in southeastern lowland. Almost all eastern and western embankments of the river define the area.
The reserve was officially gazetted in 1973 giving it a status of the wildlife reserve having an area of 175 sq.km. The river Sapta Koshi (largest river of Nepal Kingdom) flows through the reserve that is one of the three main tributes of Ganges.
The mighty River Koshi calm in winter swells up largely in monsoon brining severe flood problems and often changes its course. The depth of the river fluctuates largely from season to season.
Riverine forests dominate the vegetation of the reserve. Sal forest and grassland are also found to the west of the Koshi River. This diverse habitat of different vegetation type and wetland and scrub side makes the faunal wealth of this place incomparable to other protected area system of Nepal of which birds dominate the scenery.
Arna of wild Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), Gangetic Dolphin (Platanista gangetic) and many Birds are the main attraction of this reserve. The lesser mammalian species include varieties of deer, cats, otters, bats, boar etc.
Around 460 species of birds have been recorded in the reserve area that mostly includes waterfowls, birds of prey, waders, Forest birds and other water birds.
Globally threatened “Swamp Francolin” (Francolinus gularis) becomes a familiar bird frequently coming on every day list here.
Koshi barrage although not inside but close and south of the reserve has created a vast expanse of water – making this place by far the most important staging point for migrating birds and an all – the – year – round playground for residents.
Lesser known reptiles, amphibians, fishes and arthropods are worth exploring here.
Besides these wealth of flora and fauna, natural scenery for sunrise add more life to a nature – lover while being at Koshi. On a clear day a glimpse of Makalu (8463 meters) the world’s fifth mountain, enhances the beauty of the area in an inexplicable way.
Landrun & Dhampus
From Ghandruk you can continue your trek, filled with excitement and breathtaking beauties all around. Descend from the Ghandruk towards Deurali. At 1,588 meters, Deurali another view point from where you can see the sanking Modi River, where you can reach within half an hour.
From the banks of Modi, a trail goes up. Just ascend 45 minutes , and another unique village of Landrunk (1,646 meters) welcomes with its cultural colors. Others interesting places in the area are Bheri Kharka, Deurali and Dhampus from where you can easily return to Pokhara or move higher up towards Annapurna Base Camp.
Langtang National Park
Situated in the Central Himalaya, Langtang National Park is the nearest park to Kathmandu. The area extends from 32 km north of Kathmandu to the Nepal-China (Tibet) border. Langtang was designated as the first Himalayan National Park in 1970-71, and was gazette in March 1976. While the main reason for the park is to preserve the natural environment, an equally important goal is to allow local people to follow traditional land use practices that are compatible with resource protection.
Details About the Park:
• Langtang National Park encloses the catchments of two major river systems. One draining west into the Trisuli River and the other east to the Sun Koshi River.
• Some of the best examples of graded climatic conditions in the Central Himalaya are found here. The complex topography and geology together with the varied climatic patterns have enabled a wide spectrum of vegetation types. These include small areas of subtropical forest (below 1000 m) Oaks, chirpine, maple, fir, blue pine, hemlock spruce and various species of rhododendron make up the main forest species. Above these alpine scrub and grass give way to rocks and snow.
• The variations in altitude and topography along with the existing forest cover (approx. 25% of the total area) provide habitat for a wide range of animals including wild dog, red panda, pika, muntjac, musk deer, Himalayan black bear, Himalayan tahr, ghoral, serow, rhesus monkey and common langur. The Trisuli-Bhote Koshi River forms an important route for birds on spring and autumn migrations between India and Tibet.
• About 45 villages are situated within the park boundaries, but are not under park jurisdiction. In total about 3000 households depend on park resources, primarily for wood and pasture lands.
• Culturally the area is mixed, the home of several ethnic groups . The majority of people are Tamang, an ancient Nepalese race. The Tamangs, traditionally farmers and cattle breeders, are especially well known for their weaving. Their religion is related to the Bon and the pre-Buddhist doctrines of Tibet. Today this religion has merged with the newer teachings of Tibetan Buddhism.
• The Helambu area, immediately north of Kathmandu, has many scenic villages inhabited by Sherpas and Tamangs who emigrated from Tibet.
• Over the centuries the dependence of people on natural resources has influenced the environment. Their settlements, cultivation patterns, livestock grazing, and daily use of resources which, in combination with the diversity of flora and fauna and views to the Ganesh Himal, make Langtang an attractive national park.
Seasons:
• From mid-October to mid-December and from mid-February until mid-April the weather is usually clear but cold at higher elevations. From mid-April to mid-June, it is warm but often cloudy with thunder showers, spring flowers are at their best. Summer monsoon lasts until the beginning of October. During the winter months daytime temperatures are low and snow may occur even at low levels.
Tourist Attraction:
• The Langtang Valley, which is reached from the road end at Dhunche or Sybrubensi, offers an opportunity to explore villages and gompas (monasteries) as well as glaciers, with magnificent views of the mountains.
• Permission from the lamas must be gained before visiting any gompas and a small donation is expected.
• The Langtang Valley is the most visited part of the park and for those who do not wish to camp, accommodation in lodges is available.
• Gosainkunda, an area of high altitude lakes, is reached either from Dhunche or from Sundarijal in the eastern part of Kathmandu Valley. Thousands of Hindu pilgrims visit these lakes during Janai Purnima festivals in the month of August. Gosainkunda lake is believed to have been created by Lord Shiva.
• Simple lodging is now available along the routes from Sundarijal and Dhunche to Gosainkunda. National Park fuel regulations are strictly enforced so fuel and camping gear must be carried.
• Outstanding views to Langtang Lirung (7246 m), Himal Chuli (7864 m) are visible from the trail. The route from Dhunche passes a Buddhist monastery, Sing Gompa.
• An alternative route from the Langtang Valley to Kathmandu crosses the Ganja La pass (5106 m) This pass is difficult and dangerous when snow covered. It is generally open from April to November, but unusual weather can alter its condition at any time. Essentials for crossing the Ganja La are a tent, alpine equipment, food and fuel as well as guide who knows the trail.
• The Helambu circuit, from Sundarijal to Tharepati, barely enters the national park but is nevertheless an interesting route passing through several Bhotia villages and without ascending to more than 3400 m. From this trail it is possible to connect with Gosainkunda and eastern parts of the park (Panch Pokhari).
Lumbini
Lumbini – is the hallowed birthplace of Lord Buddha, the Apostle of peace. The enlightened one was born there over 2500 years ago. The Objects worth seeing there are the scattered ruins dating back to the days of the Buddha. In and around Lumbini, the remains of the historic palaces, monasteries, temples and above all, a stone kept there by India’s great king Ashoka to pinpoint the exact place of birth of the Budhha are there to take you back by ages. The sacred Buddhist pilgrim spot is a recent addition in the roster of Nepal’s World Heritage sites.
Machhapuchhre Base Camp
You need to pass through Chomrang (1,940 meters), Doban and Hinko. At Hinko, past the bushy forests notorious for its leeches, the valley opens up and becomes very much picturesque. You are at the foot of the Modi Himal and Machhapuchhre now. The next day can reach Annapurna Base Camp. Various trekking and mountaineering agents organize trips to this region.
Makalu – Barun National Park & Conservation Area
High in the heart of the eastern Himalayan, seven valleys radiate from Mt. Makalu, the world’s fifth highest peak. These valleys, particularly the Barun valley, treasure some of the last remaining pristine forest and alpine meadows of Nepal. From the bottom of the Arun valley, at just 435 m above sea level, the Himalayas rise to the snow-capped tip of Makalu 8463 m within a 40 km distance. Within this wide range of altitudes and climates, the Makalu-Barun area contains some of the richest and most diverse pockets of plants and animals in Nepal, elsewhere lost to spreading human habitation.
Nestled in the lower reaches of these valleys are communities of Rai, Sherpa, and Shingsawa (Bhotia) farmers. Though economically poor and isolated, they retain a rich cultural heritage. They hold the key to the preservation of the unique biological and cultural treasures of the Makalu-Barun area.
The Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area was established in 1992 as Nepal’s eighth national park and the first to include and adjacent inhabited conservation area as a buffer. A new park management approach encourages local people to become actively involved in protecting the forests and natural resources upon which their lives depend, and in conserving their own rich cultural heritage. Traditional resource management systems, such as community controlled grazing and forest guardianship, are being strengthened and low level technologies introduced where appropriate. Working in collaboration with an American NGO, Woodlands Mountain Institute, His Majesty’s Government, Nepal is striving to improve local living standards through infrastructure, educational and income-generating activities.
Covering 2330 sq. km Makalu-Barun is a vital component of the greater Mount Everest ecosystem which includes Nepal’s 1,148 sq. km Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park to the west and the 35000 sq. km Comolangma Nature Preserve in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north.
Manakamana Darsan by Cable Car
Cable car is a recent phenomenon in Nepal that has become extremely popular with the locals and tourists alike. The 10-minute cable-car ride takes the visitor to the temple of Goddess Manakamma who is believed to have the power to fulfil wishes. The temple of Manakamana lies 125 km to the west of Kathmandu. Cable-car ride starts at Cheres, 104 km from Kathamndu on the highway to Pokhara.
Manakamana temple lies 12 km south of historic town Gorkha and located on a prominent ridge (1302m) overlooking the river valleys of Trisuli (south) and Marshyandi (west). The unique location of the place is dramatized during winter when the ridge appears as island above the sea of morning mist. People believe Manakamana Devi fulfils the wishes of her devotees, thus called the wish fulfilling deity. At the cable car station Kurintar there are some resorts, which serve tourists.
Mt. Everest Region
Also called Khumbu region, Mt. Everest region is where the world’s tallest peak stands even taller. It is the home of Sherpas, the hardy local people famed for their mountaineering exploits. The Nepalese people popularly call the 8848 meters high mountain Sagarmatha. And Tibetans have christened it Chomolongma, meaning “Goddess mother of the Earth.” The name Mt. Everest was bestowed upon the tallest peak after it was discovered by Sir George Everest, the then surveyor – general of 19th Century British India.
The mighty peak hold everyone is awe. It is this very region where you can encounter with four of the world’s five highest peaks: Mt. Everest, Kanchanjunga, Makalu and Lhotse. Keeping in mind the sensitive nature- both naturally and culturally – of the area, the government has protected much of the highland Khumbu region as Sagarmatha National park, a world Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO.
The pristine environment, however, is beginning to hear the burnt of increasing human persecution in recent years. So one has to be extremely cautions about it. Leave only your footprints.
Muktinath
Muktinath also known as Muktichhetra in Nepal’s astounding Mustang district lies 18 kilometers northeast of Jomsom. On the northern are of the Annapurna circuit trekking trail, the scared site glistens with its natural and spiritual charm. At 3,749 meters, Muktinath is a sacred for site for both Hindus and Buddhists.
It preserves ancient traditions. The main shrine is a pagado – shaped temple dedicated to Lord Bishnu. And there are 108 waterspouts, which pour the holy water befitted around the wall of the temple. The Jwala Mai temple located nearby has a spring and an eternal flame fed by natural gas disgorging out from the ground. The best time to visit is during fair weather.
The deepest gorge in world, the Kali Gandaki gore lies en route to Muktinath from Pokhara. It is in Muktinath where the holy river has its headquarters from Pokhara. It is in Muktichhetra where the holy has its headwaters. Also called Krishna Gandaki, the river’s banks are also famous for the Salagram stones: the black pebbles are worshipped by Hindus as an incarnation of God Bishnu.
Nagarjun
Nagarjung – a nearest place for bird watching from centre of Kathmandu valley, with a gentle walk along an easy trail through lovely hill forest. Warblers are abundant and this is a favourite haunt of Blue Whistling Thrush and the eye-catching White-crested Laughingthrush and many more.
Parsa Wildlife Reserve
Parsa Wildlife Reserve was established in 1984 with an area of 499 sq. km. It occupies part of Chitwan, Makwanpur, Parsa and Bara Districts in Central Nepal. The reserve headquarter is situated at Adhabar on the Hetauda-Birgunj highway (22 km south to Hetauda and 20 km north to Birgunj).
The dominant landscape of the reserve are the Churia hills ranging from 750 m to 950 m, which run east-west. The soil is primarily composed of gravel and conglomerates making it very susceptible to erosion. The hills present a very rugged face with numerous gullies and dry stream beds. As the foothills are very porous, water flows underground and surfaces at a distance of about 15 km from the hills base.
Pashupatinath
It is situated 5 kms east of Kathmandu on the banks of the sacred Bagmati River. The temple of lord Shiva, Pashupatinath, with a tiered golden roof & silver doors is famous for its superb architecture. Entrance to the temple precinct is forbidden to non-Hindus. The best view is from the terrace on the wooded hill across the river. The large gilded triple-roofed temple was built in 1696 AD though 300 years earlier there was a structure on this site. The Bagmati River is lined with dharmasalas and cremation ghats including a royal ghat reserved exclusively for members of the royal family. There is usually a cremation in progress on one of the platforms by the river, regarded as holy as it flows into the sacred Ganges. There are many occasions when the faithful take ritual purificatory baths in the river. One of the most colorful is the women’s festival of Teej when dressed in their finest red and gold saris hundreds of women, laughing and singing converge on Pashupatinath.
Phulchowki
The triple peaked hill of Phulchowki the “flower-covered hill”, is highest on the valley rim at 2,760m. Lying 20 kms south east of Kathmandu, a road winds its way to the top where a small shrine is built to the mother of the forest, Phulchowki Mai. The trail up to the top takes about 4 hours through lovely rhododendron & oak forests crossing the motorable road a couple of times. Enjoy a breathtaking view of the white peaks from Himalchuli to the Everest. There is a trail connecting Phulchowki to Pharping on one side and Panauti on the other.
Pokhara
Pokhara is situated in the northwestern corner of the Pokhara Valley, 198 kms west of Kathmandu city, which is a widening of the Seti Gandaki valley. The Seti River and its tributaries have dug impressive canyons into the valley floor, which are only visible from higher viewpoints or from the air. To the east of Pokhara is the municipality of Lekhnath, another town in the valley.
In no other place do mountains rise so quickly. In this area, within 30 km, the elevation rises from 1,000 m to over 7,500 m. The Dhaulagiri, Annapurna and Manaslu ranges, each with peaks over 8,000 m, can be seen from Pokhara and there is a lake named Phewa Tal (Tal means lake in the Nepali language), three caves (Mahendra, Bat and Gupteswor) and an impressive falls (Patale Chhango or Devi’s Fall) where the water from the Phewa Lake thunders into a hole and disappears. Due to this sharp rise in altitude the area of Pokhara has one of the highest precipitation rates of the country (over 4,000 mm/year). Even within the city there is a noticeable difference in the amount of rain between the south of the city by the lake and the north at the foot of the mountains.
The climate is sub-tropical but due to the elevation the temperatures are moderate: the summer temperatures average between 25–35 °C, in winter around 5–15 °C.
In the south the city borders on Phewa lake (4.4 km² at an elevation of about 800 m above sea level), in the north at an elevation of around 1,000 m the outskirts of the city touch the base of the Annapurna mountain range. From the southern fringes of the city 3 eight-thousanders (Dhaulagiri, Annapurna, Manaslu) and, in the middle of the Annapurna range, the Machapuchare (Nepali language: Machhapucchare: ‘Fishtail’) with close to 7,000 m can be seen. This mountain dominates the northern horizon of the city and its name derives from its twin peaks, not visible from the south.
Trishuli River Rafting
As per the Hindu legend the Trisuli River orginated by Lord Shiva driving his trident (in Nepali ‘Trisul’) in the hill just above the Gosainkunda to creat three springs when he needed a cool rast in the Lake Gosainkunda. Trisuli river starts from Betrawati (625m) and flows to Narayanghat (170m) covering distance of 141 kms. The river is approchable from Kathmandu by vehicle in 2 to 4 hours’ drive and the river days would be from 4 to 7. The difficulty in class is 3+ to 4.
This river is most popular rafting river with impressive gorges, exciting rapids, some easier sections, and easily acceessible from Kathmandu and Pokhara. This river is also recomended for intermediate kayakers. Not far from Betrawati, Trisuli joins the Bhote Kosi that flows from Tibet; the two rivers joining in some pretty fearsome looking gorges that are visible on the way up to the Langtang Trek.
By Betrawati the gradient has eased and after this it becomes a more mature and powerful river which later adds many other major rivers to its flow – the Buri Gandaki, the Marshyangdi, and the Seti. When the Kali Gandaki joins it, shortly before the plains, it changes its name to Narayani. Here, it is a mighty river – peak flows in the Monsoon have been measured at 25,700 cu.mecs (extream, instantaneous discharge); about 900,000 cubic feet per second (cfs) or 50 times the typical flow of the Colorado River through the Grand Canyon. Normally the flow on the main rafting section of the Trisuli is about half that of the Grand Canyon, and in many ways the rapids are smaller scale versions of those on the Colorado; they are formed mainly by boulder outwash from tributary streams and are characterised by big green shoots, holes either side, and huge exploding waves down the bottom.
The river has carved some very impressive gorges in its lower part as it cut its way through the 2000m high Mahabharat Range. These gorges are also the route followed the Prithivi Highway, the first national highway that linked Kathmandu to India. The opposite side to the road is relatively wild and uninhabitated and pleanty of wildlife is seen here, a profusion of colourful birds, including eagles and vultures – especially true if continue on down into Chitwan National Park where you may see crocodiles and rhino by the riverside.
Rafting in the Trisuli:
A rafting trip in Trisuli needs no recomendation: thousand of thrilled rafters have written home and recomended the trip to their friends. For many people it represents the ideal compromise trip: just the right length of time, exhilarating rapids, but not too difficult, easily accessible from Kathmandu and at reasonable price. The rapids on the Trisuli are mainly big, bouncy and relatively safe: ‘flips’ (where the raft capsized) or other accidents are rare in normal water conditions, and also it is possible to walk around the few difficult rapids.
There is a wide choice of different length trips on offer, from a one week relaxed trip all the way from Trisuli Bazar to Chitwan to half day ‘testers’ specials. Trisuli Bazar is normally only a starting point in higher water conditions – Sept/Oct or April/May. For many people the optimum length trip is 3 days, starting at or near Malekhu and taking out near Gaighat. This gives you a full and satisfying experience – you run all the major rapids, watch the river grow as its tribtaries join, marvel as it cuts its way through impressive gorges, then leave it just before when it spreads out over the great plain of the Ganges.
In case of time constraints, then a one or two day trips can be done – these can also save travel time if scheduled as a breakof the journey from Kathmandu to Pokhara or Kathmandu to Chitwan. These short trips can vary from fairly relaxed float trips, avoiding the more difficult rapids, to one day ‘roller coaster’ specials. The latter can run some of the best of the white water but pose obvious dangers and can be a rather vicarious experience.
• One Day trip:-
o Starting Point: Charaudi & Ending Point: Fishling or Kuringhat.
o 07.00 Hrs: Drive from Kathmandu to Raft starting point, Charaudi, 82 kms on the way to Pokhara, which takes about 3 hours. After breifing by your raft guide, the raft trip commences around 11 a.m. After a short while we hit class 3 rapid called “Twin Rock” and other rapids and then stop for lunch.
o After lunch, we resume our river trip and hit rapids called “Upset” and “Surprise” which are of Class 3 & 4. At around 3 to 3.30 p.m. we conclude our day trip and hot drink will be served at the ending point and drive back to Kathmandu or, to Pokhara or, to Chitwan depending upon your rest of the itinerary.
Bardia National Park
Covering an area of 968 sq. km, Royal Bardia National Park is situated in the mid-Far Western Terai, east of the Karnali River. Originally set aside in 1968 as a Royal Hunting Reserve, the area was gazetted in 1967 as Royal Karnali Wildlife Reserve with an area of 368 sq. km. It was renamed as Royal Bardia Wildlife Reserve in 1982 and extended to include the Babai River valley in 1984. National Park status was gazetted in 1988. The main objectives of the park are to conserve a representative ecosystem of the mid-Western Terai, particularly the tiger ad its prey species.
Chitwan National Park
Chitwan National Park stands today as a successful testimony of nature conservation in South Asia. This is the first national park of Nepal established in 1973 to preserve a unique ecosystem significantly valuable to the whole world. The park covering a pristine area of 932 sq. km is situated in the subtropical inner Terai lowlands of southern central part of Nepal. The park has gained much wider recognition in the world when UNESCO included this area on the list of World Heritage Site in 1984.
Formerly, the Chitwan valley was well known for big game and was exclusively managed as a hunting reserve for the Rana Prime Ministers and their guests until 1950. In 1963, the area south of Rapti was demarcated as a rhinoceros sanctuary. In 1970, His late Majesty King Mahendra had approved in principle the creation of Chitwan National Park.
The park consists of churia hills, ox-bow lakes, flood plains of Rapti, Reu and Narayani rivers. The Churia hill rises gradually towards the east from 150 m to over 800 m. The lower but most rugged Someshwor hills occupy most of the western portion of the park. The flood plains of Chitwan are rich alluvial. The park boundaries have been delineated by the Narayani and Rapti rivers in the north and west, and the Reu river and Someshwor hills in the south and south-west. It shares its eastern border with Parsa Wildlife Reserve.
Shivapuri National Park
The Shivapuri National Park covers the area of 144 sq km which is the major watershed supplying drinking water to the capital city of Kathmandu. Lying in the transition zone between the subtropical and temperate climatic zones, its diverse vegetation is composed of pine, oak, rhododendron and others. The park is rich in wild mushrooms about 129 species in total. The wildlife habitats Himalayan black bear, leopard, jungle cat and rhesus monkeys. The park is home to over 177 species of birds including 9 threatened species and over 100 species of butterflies including rare and threatened.
Swayambhunath
Atop a green hillock west of Kathmandu stands the great stupa of Swayambhunath, a site over 2,500 years old marking the point where the legendary patriarch Manjushri discovered the lotus of the ancient Valley lake. For centuries an important center of Buddhist learning, the painted eyes of the Buddha gaze out from all four sides of the monument. Constructed to specific rules each with a symbolic meaning, the stupa of Swayambhunath is a model of its kind. Its? dazzling white hemispherical mound represent the ladder to nirvana, itself symbolized by the umbrella on the top. The whole is hung with multi-colored prayer flags whose every flutter releases holy prayers. The faithful circumambulate the stupa clockwise, turning the banks of prayer wheels and even prostrating full-length in reverence.
Nalang, Dhading
Nepal, famous for Mount Everest & birth place of Gautam Buddha is not only famous for high Himalayas and Diverse Culture & Religion but also very good place for Bird Lovers. One can find approx 872 species of birds in Nepal. Out of that Spiny Babbler (Turdoides nipalensis) is the only endemic of Nepal which you can see at Nalang, is situated at 1300 mts and 95 kms (about 9 kms is rough road to the end) and 3.5 hours drive from Kathmandu. Drive through Prithivi Highway is very romantic and after Malekhu it is very enchanting. You will see small small houses and tea shops and people working in field is Awesome. And there is Country Paradise Resort to stay, having fixed tents with hot shower facility. Before you arrive Resort there is small market called Thati, where one can shop.
Country Paradise Resort
Country Paradise Resort stands only 90 km west of Kathmandu, but you will feel like you are in great wilderness of Nepal where you can see most spectacular Snow Capped Mountain views, only endemic species of Bird SPINY BABBLER and Nepal’s charectarastic village and villagers with warm wellcome!!!
Travel Nepal (www.wildernessnepal.com) is on your service to provide you most competative price with most experience bird guide to find SPINY BABBLER and other attractions of the area. please wirte us on travelnepal@mos.com.np for any information and bookings.